Radiator



J. KARMAZIN Dec. 30, 193%.

RADIATOR Filed Aug. 25, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR I John/[dam L ii QW J. KARMAZIN Dec. 30, 1930.

RADIATOR 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 25

INVENTOR Patented Dec. 36, 193@ UNITE JOHN KABMAZIN, OF DETROITFMICHIGAN aama'ron Application filed August 25, 1927. Serial No. 215,283.

This invention relates to improvements in radiators and is in particular. an improvement in construction of radiators or heat exchangers for the heating of rooms or build- 6 ings. It contemplates the construction of such radiators from pressed metal strips of the fin and tube type suit-ably stacked in cooperative relation. y

The radiators now in general use are 1 usually made of cast iron and built up from a multiplicity of sections depending upon the amount of heating area required. Such radiators are expensive, very heavy and due to the enormous size required for strength, are i n-- efiicient as to heat transfer.

It is the object of this invention to provide anew mannerof producing radiators which will reduce the cost and weight thereof and provide a more eflicient heating device.

It is another object of this invention to produce a radiator by" means of building up a series of sections of appropriately stamped .sheet metal by nesting them together so that the projections of each element form a cooperative part'of an inclosed conduit.

It is still another object of this invention to produce a radiator whose radiating capacity is much greater than heretofore possible to construct for the same weight and size and in which the radiating elements will be formed by stamping and punching sheet metal.

' It iss'till another object. of the invention toprovide a radiator whose internal heat receiving conduits will be of greater length 3 than that of the radiator and thus permitting acompact strong and efiicient radiator.

It is stillanother object of this invention to produce a radiator for transferring heat from 4 a medium" of higher temperature to a sur rounding medium of lower temperature, use being made of the comparatively thin walls to reduce the cost and to increase the capacity and efficiency of the radiator.

Further objects and advantages will appear from the following detailed disclosure of the invention together with the attached drawings illustrating preferred forms of embodiment thereof and in which Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of one form of radiator adapted fora wall cabinet.

Figure 2 is an end elevation of the radiator shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section substantially on the line 3- 3 of Fig. 2.

Figure 4 is an end elevation similar to Figure 2 showing a modified arrangement of the radiator conduits.

Figure 5 is a broken side elevation of a radiator similar to Figure 1 but having four tubes instead of but two.

Figure 6 is anend view of the radiator shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a partial plan view of the radiator shown in Figure 5, and,

Figure 8 is a fragmentary perspective of the-detachable leg.

The radiator 10 shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 inclusive, is adapted to be used for large rooms or buildings and will receive heat in the form of steam, hot water or the likeunder the usual pressure conditions. It may be made as large or small as necessary although the one illustrated is suited .for a moderate size room. The particular construction of this radiator, which is the substance of this invention, lies in the adaptation of the integral fin, and tube type construction of radiators as described in my Patent Serial No. 1,591,323 patented Jul 6, 1926 to room heaters of the type descri herein. In that disclosure, it was described that by various forms of punching, drawing and pressing means, it was possible to form elements from sheet metal that had extended integral projections on the metal sheet which were adapted to cooperate with other similar projections on other elements to form a don tinuous conduit therethrough. Such a construction is shown ,in Figures land 3 in which the individual elements 11 have two rows 11a and 11b of projections 11c extending therefrom to cooperatively compose the continuous conduits 9 extending from end to end of the radiator and through which the heating medium is passed. The sheet from which the individual projections 110 were drawn acts as fins for the tubes and as they 10c remain integral with the tubes, the rate of heat transfer is greatly augmented thereby.

The detail of construction .for the central part of the radiator shown in Figure 3, requires a reinforcing bracket 12 to surround the tubes 11a and 11b and to be rigidly supported by the side frame member 14. This bracket 12 is adapted to be perforated to surround the projections between two elements and to fit closely thereb'etween thereby, preventing" movement and rattling. These brackets may be required every foot or less of radiator length. It will also be understood that the drawnprojections 110 are slightly tapered to closely fit one another and when the elements are all properly stacked, fluid pressure tight joints are formed and no change due to internal pressures .or temperatures for which the radiator was designed will cause a leak. It might be preferable however, to dip the stacked radiator in a molten solder solution as this will more effectively seal the joints when the temperature doesnt rise to the extent of melting it ofl".

The bottoms of the projections 11.0 in both the rows 11a and 11?) are not completely punched and a central cross member 1101 is formed across the opening. This cross member reinforces the projections and the Wings lle attached thereto are bent downward to form radiating deflectors or fins. As each of these cross members 11d cooperates with the similar one on the adjoining element 11, a very rigid structure is formed. This series of internal projections divides the heat stream centrally and the heat is transferred more completely to the radiating surfaces as the metallic center relieves the central hot spot of the large heat streams and transfers it to the fins of the element. Such action also increases the radiating capacity of the radiator by thus using the otherwise unavailsuch as shown in Figure 1.-

A U shaped conduit 15 tapered at its ends fits into the end projections 11d on the elements 11 which extend through the supportiiig plate 16 of the end frame the cross bars 11d and 11e being removed adjacent this end. Friction and solder between the edges will retain the U shaped conduit in place and by extending the ends of the conduit 15 inward to a point in vertical alignment with the inside of the frame 16, the joint will be secure and permanent.

be provided with individual headers 17 flanged at 17a to receive individual nipples 18 which cooperate with the internal projections 11d on the adjacent fin and tube element 11 to make a tight joint. The outer end whether there is more available room horizontally or vertically.

The sides of the radiator are reinforced and enclosed by a pa1r of reinforcing side plates 14 provided with longitudinal corrugations 14a. These side plates support the channels 12 which are intermediate ,of the radiator elements and also protect the fins of the individual elements in a certain measure. The corrugations 14a act as an ornamental break in the otherwise very plain sides and improve the transfer of heat by permitting a flow of air therethrough. They also act as a transverse reinforcing element and cooperate to strengthen the structure.

Legs 20 or 22depending upon the vertical or horizontal arrangement of the conduits are detachably fixed to the radiator core and support it above the floor or other permanent support. By enabling the legs to be removed, facility of shipping with economy of space is provided which reduces the cost of the article as eventually purchased. The heating elements are so small, even for the large rooms, that legs are desirable, if not necessary. I

A slightly modified form of radiator is shown in Figures 5 to 7 inclusive. In this form, the heating conduits are staggered in end view and may preferably be quadruple in number although it will be understood that any desired number of conduits may be used in either embodiment of the radiator. They are adapted to each separately convey the heating fluid from a header 24 at one end to a similar cooperating outlet header 26 at the other end of the radiator. The interme-' diate elements 28 are similar to the previously described fin and tube elements 11 in that they are similarly formed by punching and drawing from sheet metal and nest-ed together but in this illustration four projections have been formed to make four conduits. Y

The legs 30 are similarly adapted to be removably attached as shown in Figure 8 and will-also aid in packing the radiator for shipment. The side plates 32 and the longitudinal corrugations 32a are likewise similar to the plates 14 providing ornamental, rein- The opposite end of the radiator 10 may;

forcing and heat conducting channels for the radiator. The headers 24 and 26 will each be shapes to suit porting channels noted that a radiator is suit-ably tapped to receive the inlet and outlet pipes in a manner well known in heating practice. It will be noted that in Figure 5 the header 24 is attached to the radiator by passing one of the typical elements 28 through the perforations in the header and then forcing it to cooperate with the adjacent element to make a pressure tight j oint. Here again it may be necessary or advisable to solder the elements together but the usual stacking will make a tight joint. The header, by being fitted between radiator elements and having the legs 30 attached to it at 31 is an integral part of the radiator and greatly increases its strength as well as to add to its efficiency.

The header 26 is similarly constructed and the conduits 9a are thus triply sealed at the ends while the header helps to support the radiator core. Similar central supporting channels will also be desirably attached to the mid-sections of the radiator as shown at 12 in Figure 1. The number of these supdepends merely upon the weight necessary to be supported. It is to be understood that the header construction shown is merely suggestive of a desired manner of connecting the heat conduits in the heating circuit. The ends of each conduit could be connected to another for return flow or as shown in which the header is a large manifold for all the conduits. I

The frame of the radiators preferably extends above the top of the fin projections and any suitable cover is adapted to be placed thereon. An ornamental cover might be represented by the dotted lines in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, but this is understood not to be a part of the invention, but merely an added provision for such devices. It is also understood that the arrangement .of conduits shown in Figure 4: may be interconnected as shown in Figure 1 if desired.

From the foregoing description it is to be made from pressed sheet metal elements suitably formed and stacked. The elements have integral fin and tube projections which materially aid the radiatingqu'alities, transferring the heat with less delay and with greater efficiency. The

. projections are also divided by a central metallic reinforcing bar 11d which also aids to transfer the heat as it removes the central super-hot zone in the heat medium flowing throu h the conduits by the rapid transfer of heat t rough the central metal web directly to the projecting fins. The radiators are adapted to be made in various sizes, and individual taste or needs and may be in straight line or curves, .and the arrangement of connections of the inlet and thereto may be of any mannerontlet pipes to suit conditions. Other characteristics are its tremendous-heat transfer ability in relation to radiators for similar purposes heretofore constructed and the considerably reduced weight for the same capacity. With reinforcing brackets and cooperating side plates, no injury can .come about to the elements and the actual heat conduits are all overlapping to the extent of bein of double thickness or more and are there ore amply strong to sustain any normal or .usual pressures.

While I have shown preferred forms of embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited to the exact details thereof, but to a broad interpretation of the invention as disclosed herein and as claimed in the claims appended hereto.

I claim:

1. In a radiator of the class described, a plurality of plate elements having integral tapering tubular projections forming fluid conduits extending transversely therefrom and assembled with the tubular projections of adjacent elements in telescoping relation, and detachable legs to support said radiator.

2. In a radiator of the class described, a substantially fiat plate element of sheet metal having a plurality of integral tapering tubular projections extending transversely therefrom to form fluid conduits and side plates of reinforcing sheet metal.

3. In a room heating radiator of the class described, a plurality of parallel substantially fiat plates each having integral therewith a plurality of transversely extending tapering tubular projections, the projections of each plate telescoping with those of adjacent plates, to solely form continuous fluid conduits from ,end to end of the radiator, reinforcing side plates and intermediate supporting brackets surrounding said projections and attached to said side plates.

4C. In a heating radiator of the class described, a plurality of tubular passages in transversely from one side thereof, the tubular projections of one element being adapted to nest within the tubular projections of the juxtaposed element to form a plurality of tubes in parallel spaced relation, and means for connecting a plurality of said tubes to form a single passage. j

6. A room heating radiator of the class described, comprising a plurality of superposed fin elements having tubular projections in parallel spaced relation extending transverse- 1y fromon'e side thereof, the tubular projeciii ' pipe.

tions on one element being nested within the juxtaposed element to form a plurality of continuous tubes, and yokes connecting the ends of said tubes to form a continuous conduit, and means for connecting the ends of said conduit into the fluid containing system, said elements extending in a horizontal position and of large enough capacity to heat the room.

7. A heating unit for a fluid containing system comprising a pluality of nested elements each of which have a plurality of rows of tubular passages, in nested contact, means for connecting one end of each tube in a row to the end of an adjacent tube in another row and means for connecting the opposite end of each of said tubes to a different tube in an ad- 'acent row and radiating fins integral with all of said tubular passages for increasing the heat conductivity.

8. A heating unit comprising a plurality of superposed fin elements, each having integral'therewith a plurality of transversely extending tapering tubular projections, the projections on each of said elements nesting with those of adjacent elements to form continuous tubes, means for connecting one end of each tube in a row to the end of an adjacent tube in another row and means for connecting the opposite end of each of said tubes to a different tube in an adjacent row, radiatin I fins in heat conducting contact with all of said tubes, and individual entrance and outlet connections for connection with a 9. In a radiator of the class described, a plurality of vertically parallel stacked fin and tube elements forming horizontal pressure tight heat conduits, said tube elements being provided with central cross ribs for removing heat from the central core of heat flow, means for connecting adjacent conduits to form a continuous conduit, detachable legs on said radiator and reinforcing side plates provided with a lateral air conduit.

10. In a radiator for heating rooms, a heating core composed of a multiplicity of integral fin and tube elements stacked in vertical parallelism, a plurality of intermediate supporting brackets perforated to'fit between the fin and tube elements, individual headers for the inlet and outlet pipes, and detachable legs on said core.

11. In a radiator for heating rooms, a heating core composed of a multiplicity of in tegral fin and tube elements, said elements being in stacked relation forming a plur ali ty of pressure tight conduits, a plurality of headers for said conduits, and flanged, tubu- T lar, tapered sleeves to permanently secure said headers to said conduits.

12. In a room heating radiator of the class described, the radiator being formed entirely of sheet metal, said radiator having a pluralityof conduits, each of said conduits beheating ing formed from a plurality of nested integral fin and tube type elements.

18. In a room heating radiator of the class described, a heating core composed of sheet metal integral fin and tube elements stacked to form interior conduits and exterior radiating fins said fins extending throughout said radiator, reinforcing plates on said sides to reinforce and protect said radiating fins,

and removable legs on said radiator.

14. In a radiator of the class described, comprising a built up sheet metal core having longitudinal conduits, a sheet metal frame reinforcing and protecting said core, and

ably tapped for heating pipe for joining said conduits, into a heating system.

' 16. In a radiator of the class described, a

plurality of vertical parallel stacked fin and g tube elements forming horizontal pressure tight heat conduits, said tube elements being provided with central cross ribs for removing heat'fromthe central core of heat flow and a header means at each end of said conduits to connect said conduits to permit ingress and egress of fluid thereto, said headers acting as common reservoirs.

17. In a radiator for heating rooms, a heat- 1ng core composed of J3. multiplicity of integral fin and tube elements stacked in parallelism, a plurality of intermediate supportlng brackets perforated to fit between the fin and tube elements, a header on one end of.

said heating core in communication with the same fin and tube elements, and detachable supporting means secured to said core.

18. In aradiator of the class described comprising a built up sheet metal core having longitudinal conduits, a sheet metal frame reenforcing and protecting said core, headers on each end onung ad acentconduits to each other, said'headers having means to permit attachment of inlet and outlet pipes, said headers .fitting between two adjacent ele ments of the core, and means to support said core spacedfrom a floor. In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature to this specification.

- JOHN KARMAZIN. 

